Introducing TV and Film into the industry
Funding-
All television channels need funding, but there are various
ways to be funded. Typically only public owned companies receive
financial aid from government to help them first start up.
Financial Aid-
(For example The BBC and Channel 4)
'Private' companies are set up using a mix of funding from their owners and investors.
'Private' companies are set up using a mix of funding from their owners and investors.
Licence Fee-
Every household pays a TV LICENCE FEE!
In the UK only The BBC gets the money from the fee.
Every household pays a TV LICENCE FEE!
In the UK only The BBC gets the money from the fee.
Subscription-
Subscription is where you pay a certain amount per month for a range of channels.
Subscription is where you pay a certain amount per month for a range of channels.
Pay Per View -
Pay for what you want to watch - for example, Sky Box Office.
Sponsorship -
Sponsorship is where a company pays for their product to feature before and after a certain TV programmes and films.
Sponsorship is where a company pays for their product to feature before and after a certain TV programmes and films.
Advertising
Advertising:
Channel 4/ITV - Channel 4 does not recieve any public funding, but are funded predominantly by advertising and sponsorship.
ITV's family of digital channels are broadcast free-to-air on Freeview, digital satellite and cable, and are funded by advertising and sponsorship.
Advertising and sponsorship are very similar.
Time slots between programmes are bought out by companies so they can feature their advert at this time. Time slots closer to the beginning and ending of a programme are more expensive because that's when viewing ratings are at their highest.
Product Placement
Product placement is where a certain product, or brand of product feature within the TV show -this also occurs in music videos.
Some examples are:
Accessory Merchandising
Accessory merchandising is creating products with the logo, or characters from
the show on them.
For example;
Private Capital
Private capital is typically invested, rather than donated.
Advertising:
Channel 4/ITV - Channel 4 does not recieve any public funding, but are funded predominantly by advertising and sponsorship.
ITV's family of digital channels are broadcast free-to-air on Freeview, digital satellite and cable, and are funded by advertising and sponsorship.
Advertising and sponsorship are very similar.
Time slots between programmes are bought out by companies so they can feature their advert at this time. Time slots closer to the beginning and ending of a programme are more expensive because that's when viewing ratings are at their highest.
Product Placement
Product placement is where a certain product, or brand of product feature within the TV show -this also occurs in music videos.
Some examples are:
Accessory Merchandising
Accessory merchandising is creating products with the logo, or characters from
the show on them.
For example;
Private Capital
Private capital is typically invested, rather than donated.
The distinctions between the two are:
In an investment the investor is hoping to make a profit from the ownership the investment buys, and perhaps to take the money out at some point by selling the 'share' owned.
In a donation the donor is gifting the money to the company, although there are usually restrictions stating how it must be spent.
Religious groups are commonly known to do this, for example Christian content on GOD Channel).
Sometimes corporations will be a government body if the subject matter of the programme falls within its sphere of administrative responsibility. All channels and networks are sorted into ownership categories
In an investment the investor is hoping to make a profit from the ownership the investment buys, and perhaps to take the money out at some point by selling the 'share' owned.
In a donation the donor is gifting the money to the company, although there are usually restrictions stating how it must be spent.
Religious groups are commonly known to do this, for example Christian content on GOD Channel).
Sometimes corporations will be a government body if the subject matter of the programme falls within its sphere of administrative responsibility. All channels and networks are sorted into ownership categories
Here is an explanation of the various types of ownership:
The Office of Communications (Ofcom) is the
government-approved communications regulator.
Ofcom is responsible for licensing all UK commercial television services.
Public Service
Public Service: The BBC
Public Service: Channel 4
Public service channels are funded by the public, mainly through TV licences. The traditional role
of public television has been to air educational and entertaining programming.
Channel 4 and the BBC are both public service channels.
The BBC is not permitted to carry
advertising or sponsorship on its public services. This keeps them independent
or commercial interests and ensures they can be run purely to serve the general public interest.
Channel 4 is a publicly owned, commercially funded public service broadcaster.
Commercial
Commercial television networks are funded mainly by commercials!However, they are chiefly defined as being in business to make a profit for their owners.
ITV is the largest commercial television network in the UK.
Other Commercial Television networks
Channel 5
Channel 5 is wholly owned by Northern & Shell, who own four national newspapers.
Private
Private companies might have a couple of definitions:
In general terms, any company that isn't public-owned, like the BBC and C4, is a private company.
Any company that is neither public-owned nor a 'plc' (which is a set-up where anyone can freely buy or sell shares in the company on the stock exchange) is a private company, as only a select number of people own the company.
Almost all private companies in film and television production and distribution/broadcasting are commercial for profit companies, but there are a few exception. Most notably in the UK is the GOD Channel, which is a not for profit business, established to promote a set of beliefs and funded in its mission by several Christian charities.
Independent Companies
Flame TV is one of the UK's leading independent television production companies.
An independent company is essentially defined as one not owned by a parent company, not therefore part of a corporation.
Vertical and Horizontal Integration
Monopoly
Monopoly is a situation in which a single company owns all or nearly all of the market for a given type of product or service.
Idea
Production
Company
Distribution
Exhibition
Film
Warner Bros.
Television
Warner Bros.
Animation
Warner Home
Video
Warner
Interactive
The film industry consists of the technological and commercial institutions of film making.
Ofcom is responsible for licensing all UK commercial television services.
Public Service
Public Service: The BBC
Public Service: Channel 4
Public service channels are funded by the public, mainly through TV licences. The traditional role
of public television has been to air educational and entertaining programming.
Channel 4 and the BBC are both public service channels.
The BBC is not permitted to carry
advertising or sponsorship on its public services. This keeps them independent
or commercial interests and ensures they can be run purely to serve the general public interest.
Channel 4 is a publicly owned, commercially funded public service broadcaster.
Commercial
Commercial television networks are funded mainly by commercials!However, they are chiefly defined as being in business to make a profit for their owners.
ITV is the largest commercial television network in the UK.
Other Commercial Television networks
Channel 5
Channel 5 is wholly owned by Northern & Shell, who own four national newspapers.
Private
Private companies might have a couple of definitions:
In general terms, any company that isn't public-owned, like the BBC and C4, is a private company.
Any company that is neither public-owned nor a 'plc' (which is a set-up where anyone can freely buy or sell shares in the company on the stock exchange) is a private company, as only a select number of people own the company.
Almost all private companies in film and television production and distribution/broadcasting are commercial for profit companies, but there are a few exception. Most notably in the UK is the GOD Channel, which is a not for profit business, established to promote a set of beliefs and funded in its mission by several Christian charities.
Independent Companies
Flame TV is one of the UK's leading independent television production companies.
An independent company is essentially defined as one not owned by a parent company, not therefore part of a corporation.
Vertical and Horizontal Integration
Monopoly
Monopoly is a situation in which a single company owns all or nearly all of the market for a given type of product or service.
Idea
Production
Company
Distribution
Exhibition
Film
Warner Bros.
Television
Warner Bros.
Animation
Warner Home
Video
Warner
Interactive
The film industry consists of the technological and commercial institutions of film making.
